Table 3 Human microbiome and HIV reservoir association studies
From: Exploring potential associations between the human microbiota and reservoir of latent HIV
Study population | Sample size | Main study findings | Microbiome sequencing method | Sample type | Microbiome associations with HIV reservoir size | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | ||||||
Early-treated HIV+ patients | − Immune-mediated viremic controllers (n=3) − Non-controllers (n=10) | Bacteroidales/Clostridiales ratio as a novel gut microbiome signature associated with HIV-1 control | WGS | Gut (stool) | − Subdoligranulum unclassified − Dorea formicigenerans − Eubacterium siraeum Microbial gene richness | − Bacteroides/Clostridiales ratio − Prevotella copri − Bacteroides dorei Bacteroides eggerthii | [61] |
HIV+ patients vs. uninfected controls | − ART-treated HIV+ patients (n=143) − Uninfected controls (n=190) | Microbial dysbiosis in PWH correlates with viral reservoir levels, cytokine production capacity and sexual behaviour | WGS | Gut (stool) | Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans | − Firmicutes bacterium CAG 95 Prevotella sp. CAG 5226 | [62] |
HIV+ patients vs. uninfected controls | − ART-treated HIV+ patients (n=28) − Uninfected controls (n=9) | Association between higher levels of HIV-DNA in blood and reduced bacterial diversity in the lung microbiome of PWH | 16S | Lung (BAL) | – | − Bacterial diversity (in PBMC) − Prevotellaceae − Streptococcaceae Pasteurellaceae | [28] |
HIV+ patients (& classes) vs. uninfected controls | − ART-treated HIV+ patients (n=91)  − TNs (n=30)  − INRs (n=31)  − IRs (n=30) − Uninfected controls (n=24) | Association of specific blood microbiota profiles with persistent inflammation and immune restoration in PWH | WGS | Peripheral blood & gut (stool) | − Prevotella spp. − Porphyromonas gingivalis − Phocaeicola plebeius | − Burkholderia multivorans − Bacillus thuringiensis − Vibrio vulnificus Acinetobacter baumannii | [63] |